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Topic 11 of 36

Sweet science

6 short explainers. Read them in order, or jump to the question you have right now.

  1. 67Why cookies spreadIn the oven, the butter melts first and the dough slumps outward. Then the eggs and flour set and lock in the shape. Cold dough, extra flour or a hotter…
  2. 68Browning butterButter is about 80 percent fat and 16 percent water, plus a little milk protein and sugar. Over medium heat the water boils off with foam. Then the milk…
  3. 69Creaming butter and sugarBeating soft butter with sugar drags sharp crystals through the fat and traps tiny air pockets. In the oven, steam and baking powder gas fill those pockets…
  4. 70Setting custard gentlyEgg proteins set at about 65 to 80°C (150 to 175°F), and that's the silky zone. Past about 85°C (185°F) they clench and squeeze out water. Hello, curdled…
  5. 71Making stable meringueWhisking unfolds egg-white proteins, and they link into a net around air bubbles. Add sugar slowly, about 50 g (1/4 cup) per white for a firm meringue. A…
  6. 72Melting chocolate gentlyCocoa butter melts near body temperature, which is why chocolate melts in your mouth. Keep dark chocolate under 50°C (122°F) and milk or white under 45°C…

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